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Providers Beware: Court Sides with Insurers in No Surprises Act Arbitration

Client Alert

On June 12, 2025, the Fifth Circuit ruled in favor of Aetna and Kaiser Foundation Health Plan (Kaiser) in a pair of cases filed by air ambulance providers challenging the No Surprises Act’s (NSA’s) Independent Dispute Resolution (IDR) process’ resolution of payment disputes. The NSA is a federal law seeking to protect patients from expensive and unexpected medical costs when seeking out-of-network care. To that end, the NSA created an IDR process for out-of-network providers and insurance companies to utilize to resolve payment disputes between the parties.

In this case, the air ambulance providers argued that Aetna and Kaiser miscalculated the providers’ Qualifying Payment Amount (QPA) during IDR. The QPA is the rate used to settle out-of-network claims. According to the providers, Aetna and Kaiser intentionally calculated and utilized a low QPA during the IDR process, potentially skewing the arbitrator’s findings as to the correct amount the insurers were required to pay for air ambulance care.

However, the Fifth Circuit disagreed with the providers, holding that, while the NSA permits limited court review of IDR outcomes, legal challenges to IDR decisions must be based on clear evidence of fraud or serious misconduct. The Fifth Circuit also ruled that the third-party arbitrator was immune from suit for their decisions in the IDR process.

Following this ruling, it is clear that courts will not second-guess the decisions made during IDR absent clear evidence of fraud and serious misconduct.

The case is Guardian Flight, L.L.C. v. Aetna Health, Inc., No. 24-20204 (5th Cir. 2025).

To learn more about the NSA and its IDR process, please contact BMD Healthcare Member Daphne Kackloudis at dlkackloudis@bmdllc.com or Attorney Jordan Burdick at jaburdick@bmdllc.com.


Proposed Health Information Privacy Reform Act Expands Protections Beyond HIPAA

The Health Information Privacy Reform Act (HIPRA) seeks to extend privacy protections to health data not covered under HIPAA, including data collected by apps and wearables. HIPRA introduces broader definitions of protected health information, strengthens privacy and security requirements, establishes patient notification rights, and sets national de-identification standards. Companies processing health data should monitor developments to ensure compliance.

Medicare Updates on Skin Substitutes: LCDs Withdrawn, Payment Changes Take Effect

Medicare’s planned Final Local Coverage Determinations (LCDs) for skin substitutes were withdrawn in late December 2025, meaning previous coverage rules remain in effect. The 2026 Medicare Physician Fee Schedule introduces a single payment rate of approximately $127.14 for these products. Providers should review implications for diabetic foot and venous leg ulcer treatments.

Understanding the Seven Core Elements of an Effective Healthcare Compliance Program

The Affordable Care Act requires healthcare providers participating in Medicare, Medicaid, and CHIP to maintain an effective compliance program. Guidance from the Department of Health and Human Services and the Office of Inspector General outlines seven core elements that form the foundation of these programs, from written policies and compliance oversight to auditing, training, and corrective action. This alert highlights each element and explains how practices can tailor compliance programs to their size and risk profile while meeting federal expectations.

Preventing a Board Investigation

Healthcare professionals in Ohio are subject to licensing board investigations that can lead to disciplinary action. Staying compliant with regulations, documenting carefully, and operating within your professional scope can help prevent issues. If contacted by a board, working with an attorney is critical to protect your license and rights.

Ohio Board of Nursing Proposes Rule Changes for Nurses

On Monday, January 12, 2026, the Ohio Board of Nursing (“BON”) released a package of proposed changes to the Ohio Administrative Code. There are two proposed changes to continuing education requirements that Ohio nurses should be watching.